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- NEW EYE TRACKING TECHNIQUES IMPROVE REALISM OF AIRCRAFT
- SIMULATORS
-
- A simulated flight environment for pilot training may soon
- be made more realistic through the use of eye-tracking
- technology developed by researchers at the University of
- Toronto's Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IMBE).
-
- Many safety and cost benefits are obtained by training
- aircraft pilots under simulated conditions, but to be effective
- the simulation must be convicingly realistic. At present, th e
- training facilities use large domes and gimballed projectors, or
- an array of video screens, to display computer-generated images.
- But these installations are very expensive and image resolution
- is low. Further, it would take an enormous amount of addi to
- improve image quality significantly throughout the whole viewed
- scene.
-
- However, based on the visual properties of the eye,
- realism can be obtained by providing a high-resolution 'area of
- interest' insert within a large, low-resolution field of view.
- If the image-generating computer 'knows' where the pilot's
- fixation is, it mage there.
-
- The technology to make this possible was developed by a
- research team headed by Professor Richard Frecker and Professor
- Moshe Eizenman. The work was carried out in collaboration with
- CAE Electronics Ltd. of Montreal with financial support from the
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
-
- Their eye-tracker can record and analyze accurately up to
- 500 eye positions per second. The system works by means of
- capturing and processing the reflections of a low-level beam o f
- invisible infra-red light shone onto the eye.
-
- Multi-element arrays capture the image of the eye and
- digitize the information, which is then processed in real time
- by a fast, dedicated signal processing unit. The difference in
- position between the ligh tre of the pupil reveals the
- instantaneous direction of gaze.
-
- Developments by the IBME team have significantly increased
- the speed of signal processing in addition to enhancing accuracy
- of eye position estimates. Eizenman believes that "these
- improvements make our eye-tracker very effective in monitoring
- the large G-force environment where the pilot tends to make
- larger eye movements because of contraints which exist on
- movements of his head".
-
- In a new generation of aircraft simulators, under
- development by CAE Electronics Ltd. of Montreal, a head tracker
- which tells the direction of the pilot's head is mounted on top
- of the helmet. The eye tracker is mounted on the front of the
- helmet, and is ll exactly where the pilot's eye is fixating.
-
- Frecker said that "successful integration of our eye
- tracker into the novel helmet-mounted CAE flight simulator would
- result in a new generation of simulators that would likely
- replace the current large domes and cumbersome video display
- units."
-
- Initial tests of the integrated system will be carried out
- in collaboration with CAE Electronics at Williams Air Force Base
- in Arizona later this year.
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